Procedure

Materials Required:

• Beaker
• Voltmeter
• Salt bridge
• Electrode Used - Li, K, Ba, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Mn, Zn, Cr, Fe, Cd, Ti, Co, Ni, Sn, Pb, Cu, Ag, Au, 2H
• Electrolyte Used -LiCl, KCl, BaCl₂, CaCl₂, NaCl, MgSO₄, Al(NO₃)₃, MnSO₄, ZnSO₄, Cr(NO₃)₃, FeSO₄, CdSO₄, TiNO₃, CoSO₄, NiSO₄, SnSO₄, PbNO₃, CuSO₄, AgNO₃, AuNO₃, HCl

Procedure:

1. Set the temperature.
2. Select the cathode from the list.
3. Select the anode from the list.
4. Select concentration of the electrolyte.
5. Record the voltage of the cell.
6. Calculate the Gibbs free energy from the voltage obtained from experiment.
7. Calculate the Equilibrium constant.
8. Predict the spontaneity of the cell reaction.

Observations and Calculations:

Temperature =..............................°C

Cathode used =......................

Concentration of electrolyte =...................M

Anode used =..........................

Concentration of electrolyte =...................M

Therefore, EMF of the cell =.........................V

The Gibbs free energy change of the cell reaction, ΔG =......................

The Equilibrium constant of the cell reaction, K =.............................

The spontaneity of the cell reaction =................................

Results:

• The EMF of the cell =.........................V
• The Gibbs free energy change of the cell reaction =......................
• The Equilibrium constant of the cell reaction =.............................
• The spontaneity of the cell reaction =................................

Points to Remember while Performing the Experiment in a Real Laboratory:

• Always wear lab coat and gloves when you are in the lab.
• Switch on the exhaust fan and ensure that all the chemicals and reagents required are available.
• If not available, prepare the reagents using the components for reagent preparation.
• Clean all your working apparatus with chromic acid and distilled water and ensure they are free from water droplets.
• Calibrate the electronic weigh balance before taking the measurements.
• Clean the electrodes with distilled water.
• Clean all glass wares with soap and distilled water.
• After the experiment, recap the reagent bottles.
• Switch off the light, exhaust fan, and gas cylinder before leaving the lab.
• Discard the used gloves in a waste bin.